Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of „de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum“ (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, „Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..“, comes from a line in section 1.10.32.
The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from „de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum“ by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.
Sources
[1] „China oil futures launch may threaten primacy of U.S. dollar: UBS“, Reuters, 26. März 2018
[2] „China Weighs Slowing or Halting Purchases of U.S. Treasuries”, Bloomberg, 10.Jänner 2018
[3] Vgl. „China taking first steps to pay for oil in yuan this year –sources“, Reuters, 29. März 2018
[4] Vgl „China will ‚compel‘ Saudi Arabia to trade oil in Yuan — and that’s going to affect the US dollar”, CNBC, 11. Oktober 2017
[5] Vgl. „Iran: ‚Der Euro ist unsere wichtigste Handelswährung’“, Die Presse, 28. September 2016
[6] Vgl. „Internationalization of the renminbi“, Wikipedia
[7] „Exchange Rates and Reserve Currencies China Plans Path to Economic Hegemony“, Der Spiegel, 26. Jänner 2011
[8] „China’s Global Currency: Lever for Financial Reform“, Arthur Kroeber, Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, Monograph Series Number 3, Februar 2013
[9] Vgl. „RMB Tracker“, Swift
[10] Ende 2017 lag der tägliche Ölverbrauch bei 97,8 Mio. Barrels pro Tag oder 36,5 Mrd. Barrel pro Jahr. Das Volumen des globalen Ölhandels belief sich im Vorjahr auf 2,5 Bill. USD, dies entspricht ca. der jährlichen Wirtschaftsleistung des Vereinigten Königreichs.
[11] Vgl. „Turnover of OTC foreign exchange instruments, by currency“, Bank for International Settlements
[12] „Die Amerikaner mögen den Euro nicht“, Die Presse, 21. Mai 2017
[13] Vgl. „Euro Breakup Fears Slide to Record Low“, Bloomberg, 31. Jänner 2018
[14] Vgl. „As Trade War Heats Up, Biggest Currency Whales Make Their Move“, Bloomberg, 26. März 2018
[15] Vgl. „As Trade War Heats Up, Biggest Currency Whales Make Their Move“, Bloomberg, 26. März 2018 [eigene Übersetzung]
[16] „International Trumpquake: Tentative Stirrings of a Beijing-Berlin Axis“, Der Spiegel, 20. April 2017
[17] Vgl. „Moscow and Beijing join forces to bypass US Dollar in global markets, shift to Gold trade“, Zero Hedge, 2. April 2017
[18] Vgl. „China backs the euro at dollar’s expense“, The Telegraph, 7.Jänner 2002
[19] Wir haben zu diesem und weiteren Themen ein ausführliches Interview mit Luke Gromen geführt, das dieses Kapitel abschließen wird.
[20] „Analysis: China marks gold reserve at market value“, Marketupdate.nl, 24. August 2015
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